★Article of Professor Nishiyasu, Associate professor Fuji and Ph. D. student Matsutake was published in European Journal of Applied Physiology
Both breath hold and cold stimulation can occur simultaneously during exercise in water. Breath hold and cold stimulation increase sympathetic activity and cause vasoconstriction. Addition of local cold stimulation to apnea does not enhance pressor responses or vasoconstriction within active muscles. This suggests that maximum voluntary apnea evokes massive vasoconstriction, even within exercising muscles, which cannot be enhanced by additional sympathetic stimulation. Such a powerful vasoconstriction within active muscles appears to be an essential response to preserve an adequate oxygen supply to vital organs during apnea.
【Title】 The blood flow and vascular responses in dynamically exercising skeletal muscles evoked by combination of cold stimulation and voluntary apnea in humans.
【Author】 Matsutake R, Fujimoto T, Ichinose M, Watanabe K, Fujii N, Nishiyasu T
【Journal】 European Journal of Applied Physiology
【DOI】 10.1007/s00421-024-05643-8
European Journal of Applied Physiology